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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2015Multi-target strategies are directed toward targets that are unrelated (or distantly related) and can create opportunities to address different pathologies. The...
Multi-target strategies are directed toward targets that are unrelated (or distantly related) and can create opportunities to address different pathologies. The antidermatophytic activities of nine natural skin lighteners: α-bisabolol, kojic acid, β-arbutin, azelaic acid, hydroquinone, nicotinamide, glycine, glutathione and ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate, were evaluated, in comparison with the known antifungal drug fluconazole, on nine dermatophytes responsible for the most common dermatomycoses: Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton violaceum, Nannizzia cajetani, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum, Arthroderma gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton tonsurans. α-Bisabolol showed the best antifungal activity against all fungi and in particular; against M. gypseum. Further investigations were conducted on this fungus to evaluate the inhibition of spore germination and morphological changes induced by α-bisabolol by TEM.
Topics: Arthrodermataceae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Microsporum; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spores, Fungal
PubMed: 26132903
DOI: 10.3390/molecules200711765 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2016In this work, we evaluated the antidermatophytic activities of three resorcinol derivatives that have a history of use in dermo-cosmetic applications to discover...
In this work, we evaluated the antidermatophytic activities of three resorcinol derivatives that have a history of use in dermo-cosmetic applications to discover molecules with multiple dermatological activities (i.e., multi-target drugs), thereby reducing the cost and time necessary for new drug development. The antidermatophytic activities of the three skin lighteners were evaluated relative to the known antifungal drug fluconazole on nine dermatophytes responsible for the most common dermatomycoses: , , , , , , , and . Among the three tested resorcinols, only two showed promising properties, with the ability to inhibit the growth of all tested dermatophytes; additionally, the IC values of these two resorcinols against the nine dermatophytes confirmed their good antifungal activity, particularly for phenylethyl resorcinol against . Ultrastructural alterations exhibited by the fungus were observed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and reflected a dose-dependent response to treatment with the activation of defence and self-preservation strategies.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Dermatomycoses; Microsporum; Resorcinols
PubMed: 27706019
DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101306 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Apr 2007A rapid two-step DNA extraction method and a multiplex PCR for the detection of dermatophytes in general and Trichophyton rubrum specifically were developed and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
A rapid two-step DNA extraction method and a multiplex PCR for the detection of dermatophytes in general and Trichophyton rubrum specifically were developed and evaluated with DNA extracted from pure cultures and from clinically diseased nails. DNA from the following dermatophytes was used: Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum audouinii, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum nanum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton schoenleinii, Trichophyton soudanense, Trichophyton terrestre, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton verrucosum, and Trichophyton violaceum. Human DNA and DNA from the following nondermatophyte fungi were included as controls: Alternaria, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Malassezia furfur, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. A total of 118 nail samples received for routine microscopy and culture for dermatophytes were subsequently tested by the two PCRs separately and in a multiplex format. Using DNA extracted from pure cultures and the pan-dermatophyte PCR, the T. rubrum-specific PCR sequentially and in a multiplex format correctly detected all dermatophytes and additionally correctly identified T. rubrum. Comparison of the traditional diagnostic evaluation (microscopy and culture) of nail samples with PCR on DNA directly extracted from the nails showed excellent agreement between PCR and microscopy, but the number of samples with dermatophyte species identification was increased considerably from 22.9% to 41.5%, mainly due to the identification of T. rubrum by PCR in microscopy-positive but culture-negative samples. In conclusion, this 5-hour diagnostic test was shown to increase not only the speed but also the sensitivity of investigation for nail dermatophytosis.
Topics: Alternaria; Aspergillus niger; Candida; DNA, Fungal; Dermatomycoses; Humans; Malassezia; Nails; Onychomycosis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sensitivity and Specificity; Trichophyton
PubMed: 17267633
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02072-06 -
Mycopathologia May 2021Tinea capitis is a type of dermatophyte infection primarily affecting children. We report a case of an elderly woman with well-controlled diabetes mellitus presenting...
Tinea capitis is a type of dermatophyte infection primarily affecting children. We report a case of an elderly woman with well-controlled diabetes mellitus presenting with a six-month history of erythema with yellow crusts on her scalp and extensive erythematous patches with scales on the body skin. She adopted a stray cat before the disease onset. Dermoscopic findings and manifestation under the Wood's lamp favoured the diagnosis of tinea capitis. Further microscopic examinations of her scalp, including direct KOH and fluorescence stain examination, fungal culture and polymerase chain reaction sequencing identification confirmed the diagnosis of tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis. Treatment with oral terbinafine was effective. Adult tinea capitis is often misdiagnosed due to its rarity and atypical presentation. However, in some regions, the incidence of tinea capitis in immunocompetent adults is rising which requires the awareness of clinicians. A thorough history (including the animal contacting history), physical examination and further mycological examinations are required for diagnosis. Trichophyton violaceum is the most common dermatophyte species in most regions while adult tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis is less common. Terbinafine, griseofulvin and itroconazole have been reported to be effective drugs for the treatment of tinea capitis, and terbinafine can be considered as systemic treatment in elderly patients with comorbidities to reduce the drug-drug interaction.
Topics: Aged; Antifungal Agents; Arthrodermataceae; Female; Humans; Microsporum; Tinea Capitis; Trichophyton
PubMed: 33496917
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00519-9 -
Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi = Japanese... 2004Case 1 was a 3-year-old with tinea capitis, while Case 2 was a 5-year-old with kerion celsi. These conditions developed between December 1997 and January 1998 when the...
Case 1 was a 3-year-old with tinea capitis, while Case 2 was a 5-year-old with kerion celsi. These conditions developed between December 1997 and January 1998 when the patients were living in Canada. Case 3 was a 7-year-old who developed kerion celsi in March 1998 in Japan. For Cases 1 and 2, the referring doctor had detected a fungal infection a few weeks previously, and griseofulvin was administered orally to Case 1 for three weeks and Case 2 for one week prior to consultation at our department. Both Cases 1 and 2 visited our department initially on May 7, 1998 with the causative agent separated from their lesions by the referring doctor respectively. The causative agent was identified as Trycophyton violaceum by our department. KOH-prepared direct microscopy and culture were positive for Case 1, but negative for Case 2. Infected hairs of Case 1 showed a chain of large arthrospores arranged in parallel rows inside the hair. Case 3 visited our department initially on May 21, and T. violaceum was also isolated from this patient's lesion. A reddish purple isolate that was stored for five months after isolation and culture was subcultured using a Sabouraud agar containing thiamin. After two months, brown colonies without red pigment were seen in the reddish purple colonies. Slide culture performed for both colonies showed intercalary and terminal chlamydospores, thus confirming that they were the same fungus. These findings appear to represent the conversion of T. violaceum into T. glabrum.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Black People; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Itraconazole; Male; Naphthalenes; Siblings; Terbinafine; Tinea Capitis; Treatment Outcome; Trichophyton
PubMed: 14765096
DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.45.13 -
Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi = Japanese... 2005Six cases of Trichophyton (T.) violaceum infection seen in a nursing home are reported. A 66-year-old female (case 1) was found with tinea corporis on her face, chest...
Six cases of Trichophyton (T.) violaceum infection seen in a nursing home are reported. A 66-year-old female (case 1) was found with tinea corporis on her face, chest and shoulder, associated with black dot ringworm. A KOH examination of hair showed endothrix parasitism. Reddish purple colonies were isolated from the patient on Sabouraud's dextrose agar, and intercalary and terminal chlamydospores were observed on slide culture. PCR-RFLP analysis of the microorganism showed a pattern of T. violaceum type. Therefore, the isolated fungus was identified as T. violaceum, a typical anthropophilic dermatophyte which had spread among residents and staffs easily. Using a mycological method, we examined 59 persons (21 residents and 38 staff members) who had had contact with case 1. The results were as follows. An 85-year-old female (case 2) and an 83-year-old female (case 3) were carriers of T. violaceum. A 23-year-old male (case 4) had tinea corporis on his right forearm due to T. violaceum. A 24-year-old male (case 5) probably had tinea corporis on his right forearm due to T. violaceum. One year after case 1's first visit to our clinic, we observed an 88-year-old female (case 6) of tinea capitis by T. violaceum. It seems that the organism was preserved in surroundings and members of the nursing home. The contagion in our cases could either have been caused by directly touching the person or by sharing their comb. PCR-RFLP analysis was performed within a short time, so that we managed effectively to select a way of treatment and to prevent the infection from spreading.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antifungal Agents; Female; Homes for the Aged; Humans; Male; Nursing Homes; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Tinea; Tinea Capitis; Trichophyton
PubMed: 16282971
DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.46.279 -
Annals of Medical and Health Sciences... Oct 2013Because of the widespread prevalence of the various cutaneous mycoses in a tropical country like India, it is important to know their patterns of etiology and clinical...
BACKGROUND
Because of the widespread prevalence of the various cutaneous mycoses in a tropical country like India, it is important to know their patterns of etiology and clinical presentations.
AIM
The present study was conducted in order to identify the clinical pattern of various cutaneous mycoses and the common etiological agents affecting the study populations admitted in SMS Hospital, Jaipur, in North India.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Skin scrapings and hair and nail samples of 160 patients with clinical suspicion of dermatophytosis were collected and subjected to direct microscopy and were cultured in Sabouraud's dextrose agar. Fungal species were identified by macroscopic and microscopic examination. Data were presented as simple descriptive statistics (SPSS, Version 17.0 (Chicago Il, USA). Epi Info Version 3.5.1 (CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA).
RESULTS
Among the 160 clinically suspected patients of cutaneous mycoses, 60 (37.5%) were confirmed by culture. Dermatophytes and non-dermatophytes (NDM) were isolated from 66.6% (40/60) and 33.3% (20/60) of the positive cultures, respectively. Tinea capitis (50%) 30/60 was the most frequent clinical pattern and genus Trichophyton violaceum 32.5% (13/40) was the most common isolate in dermatophytosis-positive samples. Among the patients positive for NDM by culture, Tinea unguium 35% (7/20) was the most common clinical presentation and Aspergillus species 40% (8/20) were the most common etiological agents isolated.
CONCLUSION
Although dermatophtes have been isolated from the cases of cutaneous mycoses all over the world with various frequencies, the role of NDM in the different cutaneous infections other than those of nail infections need to be evaluated.
PubMed: 24380015
DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.122125 -
Medical Mycology Case Reports 2012Two recent indigenous cases of tinea capitis in children due to pale isolates of Trichophyton violaceum are reported herein for the first time from South-East Europe...
Two recent indigenous cases of tinea capitis in children due to pale isolates of Trichophyton violaceum are reported herein for the first time from South-East Europe (Greece). Pale isolates of Trichophyton violaceum, reported in the past as Trichophyton glabrum, are thus far sporadically reported only from African or Asian countries. The cases reported herein raise the awareness of its existence in the community, assigning special importance to its accurate identification in the clinical laboratory.
PubMed: 24371741
DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2012.08.003 -
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic... Dec 2015Tinea capitis is a common dermatophyte infection affecting scalp and hair of pre-pubertal children. With introduction of Griseofulvin in 1958, there has been...
Tinea capitis is a common dermatophyte infection affecting scalp and hair of pre-pubertal children. With introduction of Griseofulvin in 1958, there has been considerable improvement in the treatment of tinea capitis. A seven-year-old male child was brought to the dermatology clinic. He presented with diffuse white scaly patches of alopecia on scalp of one-year duration. The child was sent to the microbiology section of the National Health laboratory, Botswana for the collection of the samples. The samples consisted of scalp scrapings and few plucked hairs from the suspicious areas, which were collected by swab and scalpel blade methods. Potassium hydroxide (10% KOH) mounts were prepared for scales and hair samples. Scales were positive for fungal elements and endothrix type of perforation was seen in hair. Cultures on Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) and Derm agar were incubated at 25°C, which yielded white variant of Trichophyton violaceum after two weeks of incubation. T. vioaceum (white variant) grew in all the plates. After six weeks of treatment with griseofulvin, the repeat culture grew only T. violaceum (violet strain). The child showed a definite clinical improvement.
PubMed: 26814801
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/14488.6859 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Aug 2008Dermatophytes are fungi that belong to three genera: Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton. Identification of dermatophyte species is essential for appropriate... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Dermatophytes are fungi that belong to three genera: Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton. Identification of dermatophyte species is essential for appropriate diagnosis and treatment of dermatophytosis. Routine identification depends on macroscopic and microscopic morphology, which is time-consuming and does not identify dermatophyte strains. In this study, two PCR-based methods were compared for their abilities to identify 21 dermatophyte isolates obtained from Egyptian patients to the species and strain levels. The first method employed a two-step method: PCR amplification, using ITS1 and ITS4 as primers, followed by restriction enzyme digestion using the endonuclease MvaI. The second method employed a one-step approach employing the repetitive oligonucleotide (GACA)(4) as a primer. Dermatophyte strains were also identified using a conventional culture method. Our results showed that the conventional culture method identified four species: Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton violaceum. Moreover, both PCR methods agreed with the diagnosis made using the conventional approach. Furthermore, ITS1/ITS4-based PCR provided no strain differentiation, while (GACA)(4)-based PCR identified different varieties among the T. mentagrophytes isolates. Taken together, our results suggest that (GACA)(4)-based PCR has utility as a simple and rapid method for identification of dermatophyte species as well as utility for differentiation of T. mentagrophytes variants.
Topics: DNA Primers; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Dermatomycoses; Egypt; Epidermophyton; Humans; Microsporum; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Trichophyton
PubMed: 18579714
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00697-08